As myopia increases, the risk of developing certain eye diseases increases. These diseases can appear at an early age and become more severe with age. The most important of these diseases are:

Retinal problems: The retina may become more susceptible to tearing or detachment as the eyeball becomes longer.

Myopic macular degeneration: A disorder that affects the center of vision, leading to a decline in central vision.

Intraocular pressure (glaucoma): which can cause gradual damage to the optic nerve, affecting visual acuity.

Cataract: The likelihood of developing cataracts increases in individuals with high myopia.

The greater the severity of myopia, the greater the potential risks to eye health; therefore, early detection and taking appropriate measures can help reduce these issues in the long term.

Detachment Retinal

The retina is the light-sensitive tissue that covers the inner back of the eye. It converts light into nerve signals that the brain interprets as visual images. Retinal detachment occurs when this layer separates from its normal position within the eye, potentially leading to blurred vision or even permanent vision loss, depending on the severity of the detachment and the speed of treatment.

Macular Degeneration Associated with Myopia

The macula (central part) is responsible for image clarity and distinguishing fine details within the retina. In people with severe myopia due to the elongation of the eye, this area can stretch and become more susceptible to tearing over time, leading to a gradual loss of central vision, as if there were a permanent cloudy or blurry spot in the center of the visual field.

Glaucoma (High Eye Pressure)

Glaucoma occurs when fluid buildup inside the eye increases pressure on the optic nerve, causing gradual damage to its fibers. Glaucoma often affects both eyes and begins with a subtle decline in peripheral vision. It can persist for years without the patient noticing the problem. If left untreated, the condition can progress to an advanced stage, leading to complete vision loss.

Cataracts

Cataracts result from the breakdown of proteins and fibers within the eye's lens, making it thicker and less transparent over time. This causes blurred vision, resulting in a cloudy spot in the center of the eye, similar to cloudy glass or fog on a car windshield. Although cataracts are common among older adults, they can be present from birth or during childhood. People with high myopia (nearsightedness) may also be more likely to develop them at an early age or during middle age.